case study 1 hgd Essay - 1004 Words

What impact do you think the â€Å"Boomers† will have on the next 30 years in our society? Write a minimum three page paper in which you explain: What changes the individual â€Å"boomer,† as well as society at-large, will face? Technology, religious view points, basic political views and philosophies, loss of prejudices, What will persons in both groups need to do to adjust to social changes resulting from this demographic shift? What are your thoughts on how to provide for an aging society? Discuss the implications for aging individuals and aging societies of (1) increasing life expectancy, and (2) increasing numbers of older persons living with chronic conditions such as diabetes and Alzheimers disease. Please save your work as a word†¦show more content†¦However boomers and â€Å"non† boomers alike will face social changes as this group matures into their late adulthood. Many boomers prepared for their retirement by working hard and saving money. Boomers such as my own parents are good examples of how boomers will be affected. They did not over extend themselves during the recession and they made wise financial decisions. They invested what was perceived as healthy investments in real-estate and the stock market only to take on major economic losses in the last decade. Although my parents are not struggling to make ends meet, the rising cost of insurance and health care may have negative effects on their finances in the next decade. In regards to social changes, boomers can be divided into two groups. There are boomers that will continue their parent’s view of society and there are the groups that will break social traditions. ‘Boomers separation also involves a rejection of party identification as a basis for political decisions and an abiding commitment to individualism, self-reliance, and introspection as a generational style for solving problems† (Light 1988). Boomers come from a time of great social change which in turn has made them more liberal to modern issues such a homosexuality and abortion. In 1993, Time magazine reported that about 42% of baby boomers were dropouts from formal religion (BG Central). According to my parents that are boomers, once leaving behind bigotry and religious persecution theyShow MoreRelatedCancer Is The Second Leading Cause Death Globally2235 Words   |  9 Pagesof 40 (Shah, A. K, 2013). Most patients with esophageal adenocarcinomas are associated with Ba rrett’s esophagus, a pre-disposing condition were the normal squamous of the esophagus is replaced by columnar intestinal type tissue, and of those, around 1% are estimated to develop EAC (Tischoff, 2008). Understanding the progression of Barrett’s metaplasia to EAC and discovery of biomarkers that could stratify this patients based on the potential risk to developed EAC could potently have high impact inRead MorePmp Sample Questions21907 Words   |  88 PagesSCOPE MGT 1. Of the following, which is not part of project scope management? A. Scope planning B. Scope verification C. Quality assurance D. Initiation 2. You are probably going to be the project manager for the HGD Project and will need as many inputs to the initiation phase as possible. Of the following, which is the best source of information for your project? A. Business plans B. Historical information C. WBS D. The project charter 3. You are a project manager for your organization. Sarah

Group Reflection - 886 Words

Reflection Paper If I could summarize my group proposal experience in three works it would be patient, organized, and accomplished. My group proposal experience was not that bad. However, I did have to be patient and wait for other members to submit their work. I also had to be patient and see when we could meet because some of my group members did not show up for group meetings. I also felt like the majority of my group was not participating and getting work done. My group was some what organized because we had a checklist of the materials we had to submit and complete. My group was also able to accomplish our binder on time because we had to pull each others weight. The only good thing I can say about my group is that they are nice†¦show more content†¦LeKisha was showing up to the group meetings in the beginning but then she missed some group meetings do to getting her hair done, celebrating her birthday week, and having family issues. She only turned in one article which was hard to use since it were not cited. Are group had to wait for LeKisha to finish her article and do her part. One class she even said that it was her birthday weekend so she might not turn in her work the next class. I honestly wanted to laugh because I thought it was a joke. Her escriptors would be avoider and blocker because she barely participated in the work. A positive impact this experience had on me is that I was able to lead a group. I do not like telling people what to do which is why I do not consider myself a leader. However, this project has taught me that it is not so bad being a leader. Another positive impact is that I was able to see how it is to work with other people. usually in other classes you partner up to complete a one page assignment within an hour. But in groups I was able to work in a group the whole semester and experience a group setting. Something I would do different as a group participant is not take on so much work. I feel like I did the majority of the work because I was the leader. In the future I want my group to contribute more. The reason why I had to take one my teammates work is because LeKisha was unable to attend class do to a familyShow MoreRelatedGroup Reflection : Group Process767 Words   |  4 PagesGroup Reflection Group My concept of what a group consist of is a story that needs to be told and heard from many people with similar issues or problems. The group is a tool to help each member to gain some insight on how they can change or make a difference in their lives for the future. I feel that a group is a place where new relationships can develop and to find self again. Group Process The group process is facilitated by a counselor by the process has to be done by the members. It can be easyRead MoreReflection On Group Processes And Dynamics Essay1519 Words   |  7 PagesA Reflection on Group Processes and Dynamics Working within a group or team is unavoidable for most people. We are involved in sports teams, assignment groups, work teams, social groups and a variety of other groups and teams. Each of these groups share one thing in common, that is each requires us to communicate in some way in order to reach a shared goal or target. Therefore, it is imperative to know and understand how to work and communicate effectively with others to maximise outcomes and productivityRead MoreReflection On Group Therapy Reaction1509 Words   |  7 PagesGroup Therapy Reaction Thus far in the program I have had the opportunity to experience the process of group therapy. Luckily, I have had the opportunity to run group sessions at my practicum site, so I have gained substantial information about the group process. As I have learned in this program, group therapy is a powerful form of therapy that allows group members to complete their therapeutic goals in a group setting. As a therapist, I believe it is essential to experience what group processRead MorePersonal Reflection On Group Work906 Words   |  4 PagesPersonal Reflection â€Å"Group work is a form of voluntary association of members benefiting from cooperative learning that enhances the total output of the activity than when done individually†. Working in a group can be very difficult at times. Different people with different views may not always agree which one another. Throughout the various task I played the communicator. I made sure everyone was on track on what we wanted to do. I also made sure people was okay and happy in the role they was playingRead MoreGroup Counseling Reflection Paper4779 Words   |  20 Pagesin Counseling Reflection CPY 540 Paladino: Advanced Theory and Practice of Group Counseling As I reflect upon my experience as a group leader in this class, I learned that therapeutic factors can be group driven or facilitated by the group leader. Cohesion stood as a vital aspect of an effective group, and I realized that as a group leader I needed not only to facilitate the group but to remain as a vital part of the group to assure cohesion. By subsisting as an effective group leader, I createdRead MoreReflection About Group Presentations1189 Words   |  5 PagesWe all certainly have to do group presentations during our student life. This method of study is vital, as â€Å"it is a successful alternative or addition to the traditional term paper. It can balance the student s educational experiences by providing training in oral communication, interpersonal skills, and analytical thinking.† (King 1990, p.77). Therefore, it is necessary for us to reflect on what we have done and learnt through group presentations. In this essay, I would have a look back at whatRead MoreReflection Of A Social Group1457 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Group Analysis The social group I chosen to observe is my church group, more specifically my children’s Sabbath School class. There are approximately 15 to 20 in the class including the children and parents. The ethnicities in the class are Hispanic, Caucasian, Native Africans, and Asians. In this group, the Caucasians are the minority while the Africans makeup the majority of the class. There is a lot I have learned from observing this group of people. Some characteristics of the classRead MoreGroup Reflection : Van Der Linden1524 Words   |  7 Pages Group Reflection Renae Van Der Linden Roberts Wesleyan College â€Æ' Group Reflection When leading a group, it is important to understand what the overall goal should be, as well as understanding what the group expectations are. Knowing what the group goals and expectations are provides a basic outline of what the group dynamic should be. Additionally, the goals and group expectations should be discussed with the group members, providing them with the opportunity to share their input and possiblyRead MoreReflection Of Group Counseling Process And Mental Health Group Activities829 Words   |  4 PagesA Reflection of Group Counseling Process and Mental Health Group Activities One might say the best teachers are the ones who go over and beyond the call of duty to assist their children. This idea could especially be proven true given the factors that are affecting the social and academic capabilities of the students we teach on a daily basis. One emerging, yet commonly overlooked factor is mental health. Mental health is one of those issues seen to be taboo in schools but is becoming a widespreadRead MoreReflections on Syndicate Group Work2177 Words   |  9 PagesReflections about syndicate group work I always had a different opinion to our group leader, but he always made me give in, even when I was not at all persuaded by his arguments, I can t explain how that happened. This statement made by one of my group members is quite revealing. While she recognizes the dominance of our leader ´, she is perplexed because she fails to understand how she was manipulated. How did he do it? Was it only his dominance or were there perhaps Machiavellic elements

Implication of Technology Advancement in Organizations Structure free essay sample

Speaking of team working and IT innovations and the relations between them, I was wandering which one came as a result of the other. In other words, was the information technology came first and then humans thought about how to use it effectively and came up with the idea of teamwork? , OR, the team work was there from the beginning and the problems/challenges of how the team members can communicate effectively ignite the need for more advanced and innovative communication technologies?. I am with the second possibility. I can see that the concept/art of â€Å"WE† is not for football teams only anymore, it gradually starting to be the culture of any group of people they want to be seen as modern/open minded group and whom believe in team work. In ABB, the organization processes/business units integration and coordination didn’t happened by nature, it took from ABB time amp; experiences to choose the right way of integration amp; coordination to be applied according to business needs. We will write a custom essay sample on Implication of Technology Advancement in Organizations Structure or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Recently, the integration of ABB worldwide came since 2007, when ABB starts to use SAP database systems to connect all ABB around the world together. By using SAP database systems, ABB starts to act/react simultaneously by sharing the orders/financial figures across the boards, and the ability to detect the strengths and weaknesses in each country organization, services, products,†¦etc ABB also has a very efficient system called CCRP system. This system purpose is to created – on the fly, case based – team works with coordinators for each issue, problem or case, whether this case came from a customer, supplier or even internally between business unites. CCRP stands for Customer Complain Resolution Process, it’s an online system, which can be accessed, by any of the 130,000 employee of ABB worldwide. The word Customer in this system not just mean external customer, it also considering internal business unites as customers to each other. When someone trying to create CCRP for some issue, the system determine the creator as the Originator of the issue, and ask the originator to determine Coordinator and team members to work on this issue in order to resolve it, with the facility for any of those members to delegate the issue to some of their colleagues who can be more proper to be involved. The system keep send reminders to people in charge with a due date for resolution. What is even more interesting is that the team member – on the fly team – can be from difference countries working in different field with different specialties, yet working together to resolve a specific problem or to achieve one value. The system is working even inside the same country, even inside the same office building. ABB also utilizing the cross-function team work when there is a work process, which is common between different business units, and we need to develop one control (KPI) process to monitor the process performance. Or when the need come to establish a service contract with customer which involve different service scopes which will come from difference business units. All of this are considered great, however, we sometimes facing a lot of talent issues among people inside the same team, or between teams. Because at some cases we found that for example two business units are become like to football teams fighting with each other and no one want to cooperate. At those cases we found ourselves going up higher levels senior manager to solve the problem, and if it still cannot be solved, we found the power of ABB structure in founding yourself always found a common senior manager to different BUs, regions, countries,

The Population Growth Of The Philippines Essay Sample free essay sample

Corruptness is the most apparent and really common job in the universe. every state has an issue with respects to it’s authorities. whether the local barangays. the municipal territory up to the higher places. Information is cardinal to do informed determinations. Information is besides power Where it’s non freely accessible. corruptness can boom and basic rights might non be realized. Peoples can conceal corrupt Acts of the Apostless behind a head covering of secretiveness. Those with privileged entree to information can demand payoffs from others besides seeking it. Peoples entitled to wellness or instruction may be denied these basic services due to deficiency of entree to information about their rights. Governments can conceal their actions by commanding or baning the media. This prevents the facts being reported. The truth is gagged. When our right to cognize is denied. we can’t hold determination shapers or establishments to account for their actions. We will write a custom essay sample on The Population Growth Of The Philippines Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Nor can we do informed picks when we vote. If information isn’t public. we can’t enjoy many of our rights. such as take parting to the full in political life. We might non even understand our rights in certain fortunes. When entree to information is blocked. we can neer cognize what’s truly traveling on. Guaranting revelation of – and entree to – information can authorise people and establishments to forestall and fight corruptness. But it’s a bipartisan procedure. Governments must proactively let go of information about what they do. And we must use this information to do full usage of our rights. We all have a valuable function to play. We need to do certain that national Torahs guarantee public entree to information – and that such Torahs are implemented on a daily footing. These Torahs are a cardinal precaution against corruptness. They enable us to supervise what’s occurrence. This is critical in countries with specific corruptness hazards. including H2O. wellness and instruction. Over 90 states have passed entree to statute law in the last 15 old ages but execution is patchy. Millions of people still don’t know about these Torahs or cognize how to utilize it to their advantage. Global anti-corruption pacts stress the value of entree to information. So authoritiess know what reforms they should hold in topographic point. And we can supervise their advancement in implementing those reforms. Then we can do certain our right to cognize is fulfilled. Corruptness IN THE PHILIPPINES AND THE GOVERNMENT’S RESPONSE Spanish Colonial Era: Corruptness is every bit old as history itself. In the Philippines. it appears to hold started historically during the Spanish colonial period when the archipelago was portion of the land of the Spanish Monarch. Public office. like everything else within the settlement. was treated as a belongings of the King which he can dispose of as he liked. Government offices or places were awarded based on backing or auctioned off to the highest bidder. Government was an instrument chiefly for enslaving the conquered topics for the benefit of the King and his Spanish topics. American Colonial Era: The American colonial period saw the formal debut of civil service and professionalism in authorities. which may be responsible for the lesser incidents of corruptness in the Philippines during that period. However. it is from the Americans that the Filipinos learned pork-barrel political relations. Post War Era:Get downing at the terminal of the World War II. corruptness one time once more flourished as Filipino politicians scrambled for a portion of war harm payments. kickbacks in the fiscal AIDSs and grants that flooded the Country for substructure during the period of rehabilitation. and chances for payoffs and exactions created by the infliction of import and foreign exchange controls. issue of excavation and logging licenses and discriminatory entree to authorities loans and pork-barrel financess. Martial Law Era: The Martial Law government ushered in such a monolithic graduated table of corruptness as had neer hitherto been experienced in the Country. President Ferdinand Marcos centralized corruptness in his Office. distributed authorities places and profitable sectors of economic system among his relations. friends and buddies. and amassed one million millions of pesos in dirty wealth. The Guinness Book of World Records. under the header â€Å"biggest robbery† . says that the entire wealth taken by Marcos and his married woman was believed to be $ 5- $ 10 Billion. Government Anti-Corruption Initiatives and Laws: In order to guarantee unity and efficiency. every bit good as prevent corruptness in Government. anti-graft bureaus were established by past presidents: the Integrity Board created by President Elpidio Quirino in 1950. tasked with receiving and look intoing ailments against public functionaries for Acts of the Apostless of corruptness. delinquency of responsibility and abnormalities in office. succeeded by several bureaus with similar maps like the Presidential Complaints and Action Commission under President Ramon Magsaysay. the Presidential Committee on Administration Performance Efficiency under President Carlos Garcia. the Presidential Anti-Graft Committee under President Diosdado Macapagal. and the Presidential Agency on Reform and Government Operations and the Office of the Citizen’s Counselor. both under President Ferdinand Marcos. However. it was observed that those bureaus were non equal to the undertaking and the ground seen was that they did non bask political indep endency and their powers were limited to investigative probes and doing recommendations. Hence. the 1973 Constitution mandated the legislative assembly to make an office of the Ombudsman to be known as Tanod-bayan. and a particular tribunal to be known as Sandigan-bayan. Consequently. President Marcos enacted on June 11. 1978 Presidential Decree ( PD ) 1487 making the Office of the Ombudsman to be known as Tanod-bayan with chief responsibility to look into. on ailment. any administrative act of any administrative bureau including any government-owned or controlled corporation. every bit good as to register and prosecute the corresponding felon. civil. or administrative instance before the Sandigan-bayan or the proper tribunal or organic structure if the Tanod-bayan has ground to believe that any public functionary. employee. or other individuals has acted in a mode ensuing to a failure of justness. P. D. 1487 was shortly amended by P. D. 1607 broadening the authorization of the Tanodbayan to look into administrative Acts of the Apostless of administrative bureaus by authorising it to carry on an probe on its ain gesture or enterprise. even without a ailment from any individual. On July 18. 1979. PD 1630 was enacted farther amending PD 1487 and PD 160 7. Section 10 whereof enumerates the powers of the Tanod-bayan. among which was to look into. on ailment by any individual or on his ain gesture or enterprise. any administrative act whether amounting to any condemnable discourtesy or non. of any administrative bureau including any government-owned or controlled corporation. and if after preliminary probe a Prima facie instance is found. to register the necessary information or ailment with the Sandiganbayan or any proper tribunal or administrative bureau. and to prosecute the same. After the passage of P. D. 1487 but prior to its amendment by P. D. 1630. Marcos besides enacted P. D. 1606 making the SANDIGANBAYAN. which was later amended by Republic Act No. 8249. Under the jurisprudence as amended. the Sandiganbayan is an entirely anti-graft tribunal. with sole original legal power over discourtesies under R. A. 3019 ( the Anti-graft and Corrupt Practices Act ) . R. A. 1379 ( Unexplained Wealth Act ) and Chapter II. Section 2. Title VII. Book II of the Revised Penal Code. where one or more of the accused are provincial governors. vice-governors. members of the sangguniang panlalawigan ( provincial board ) . provincial financial officers. assessors. applied scientists. and other provincial section caputs ; metropolis city managers. vice-mayors. members of the sangguniang panlungsod ( metropolis council ) . metropolis financial officers. assessors. applied scientists. and other metropolis section caputs ; functionaries of the diplomatic service busying the place o f consul and higher ; Filipino ground forces and air force colonels. naval captains. and all officers of higher rank ; officers of the Philippine National Police busying the place of provincial manager and those keeping the rank of senior overseer or higher ; metropolis and provincial prosecuting officers and their helpers. and functionaries and prosecuting officers in the Office of the Ombudsman ; presidents. managers or legal guardians. or directors of government-owned or -controlled corporations. province universities or educational establishments or foundations ; members of Congress and functionaries thereof classified as Grade ’27’ and up under the Compensation and Position Classification Act of 1989 ; members of the bench ; presidents and members of Constitutional Commissions ; and all other national and local functionaries classified as Grade ’27’ and higher under the Compensation and Position Classification Act of 1989. The Sandiganbayan has sole appellant legal power o ver concluding judgements. declarations or orders of regional test tribunals whether in the exercising of their ain original legal power or of their appellant legal power in instances affecting the same discourtesies against other public officers and employees and those classified as below Grade ‘27’ under the Compensation and Position Classification Act of 1989. It was besides the 1973 Constitution which created the independent Commission on Audit and Civil Service Commission. which were retained by the 1987 Constitution. The Commission on Audit is charged with the scrutiny. audit and colony of all histories refering to public financess. belongings and expenditures. Under the 1935 Constitution. it was the General Auditing Office under the direct control and supervising of the Auditor General. The Civil Service Commission. the cardinal forces bureau of the Government. is tasked to set up a calling service and follow steps to advance morale. efficiency. unity. reactivity. progressivity and courtesy in the civil service ; strengthen the virtue and wages system ; and incorporate all human resources development plans for all degrees and ranks. and commit a direction clime conducive to public answerability. With the coming of the 1987 Constitution. a new OFFICE OF THE OMBUDSMAN was created. mandated as defender of the people to move quickly on ail ments filed in any signifier or mode against public functionaries or employees of the authorities or any subdivision. bureau or instrumentality thereof. including government-owned or controlled corporations. Consequently. Republic Act No. 6770 was enacted by Congress in 1989. providing for the functional and structural organisation of said Office and stipulating its powers. â€Å"As in the old Torahs on the Ombudsman. RA 6770 gave the present Ombudsman non merely the responsibility to have and relay the people’s grudges. but besides the responsibility to look into and prosecute for and in their behalf. civil. condemnable and administrative discourtesies committed by authorities officers and employees as embodied in Sections 15 and 11 of the jurisprudence. † President Corazon Aquino did non make a presidential anti-graft organic structure but organized the President’s Committee on Public Ethics and Accountability. a commission of cabinet functionaries. to undertake corruptness by direction actions aimed at increasing its hazards and diminishing its benefits. and deconcentrating graft-busting. President Fidel Ramos created the Presidential Commission against Graft and Corruption tasked to look into presidential appointees charged with transplant and corruptness. which was allowed by President Joseph Estrada to go on working during his brief disposal. and by President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo. On June 11. 1997. the Ombudsman and the Heads of the Civil Service Commission. theCommission on Audit. the Presidential Commission Against Graft and Corruption and the National Bureau of Investigation formed an confederation which they called the Inter-Agency Anti-Graft Coordinating Council and executed a Memorandum of Agreement adhering themselves and their several bureaus. within the bounds of their powers. to ( a ) co-ordinate with one another and portion information in the bar. sensing. probe and prosecution of corruptness ; ( B ) undertake inter-agency accomplishments developing plans ; and ( degree Celsius ) promote inter-agency conferences for the exchange of thoughts. treatment of common issues and jobs on specific instances and prosecuting a conjunct forepart in the thrust against corruptness. Equally early as July 14. 1887. the Philippines already had a penal codification. which was revised in December 8. 1930 and became the Revised Penal Code through Act 3815. as amended. which took consequence on January 1. 1932. and which includes among those felonies defined and penalized therein offenses committed by public officers and employees. In 1959. Republic Act No. 1379 ( An Act Declaring Forfeiture in Favor of the State Any Property Found to Have Been Unlawfully Acquired by Any Public Officer or Employee and Providing for the Proceedings Therefor ) was passed as what might be called the first specific anti-graft jurisprudence in the Country. followed by the passage in 1960 of Republic Act No. 3019 ( The Anti-Graft and Corrupt Practices Act ) . which defines and penalizes specific Acts of the Apostless and skips of public officers as corrupt patterns. In 1962. Republic Act No. 3456 was passed. amended by Republic Act No. 4177 in 1965. necessitating caputs of authorities bureaus and entities to form Internal Audit Services in their several bureaus that shall help in accomplishing an efficient and effectual financial disposal and public presentation of bureau personal businesss and maps. In 1972. President Ferdinand Marcos enacted P. D. 46 doing it punishable for any individual to give and for public officers to have any gift. including the throwing of parties or amusements in award of the functionary or employee or his immediate relations. when such gift. present. valuable thing or amusement is given by ground of his official place. followed in 1975 by P. D. 749 allowing givers of payoffs and other gifts. every bit good as their confederates. unsusceptibility from prosecution in graft and other transplant instances. including misdemeanors of Section 345 of the Internal Revenue Code and Section 3604 of the Tariff and Customs Code. who voluntarily gives information that leads to. and testifies in. such instances. It was besides during the Marcos epoch that the Civil Service Act was enacted through P. D. 807. In 1989. aside from R. A. 6770 ( Ombudsman Act ) already mentioned above. Congress passed R. A. 6713 set uping Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards for Public Of ficials and Employees. Congress besides passed R. A. 7080 in 1991. shaping and punishing Plunder ; R. A. 9160 in 2001. the Anti-Money Laundering Act through which the Anti–Money Laundering Council was created ; R. A. 9184 in 2003. the Government Procurement Reform Act ; and R. A. 9485 in 2007. the Anti-Red Tape Act. Unmitigated Losses to Corruption: It is clear. hence. that the Philippines has more than plenty Torahs to look into the committee of transplant and corruptness at any of the phases of Ursal’s rhythm. In fact. if one looks closely at the anti-corruption Torahs intended to forestall the happening. and to penalize the committee. of corruptness. all the types of corruptness that Coronel and Ursal came up with in their surveies are good covered. As Moratalla said. the Country has a â€Å"comprehensive set of Torahs that may hold ascertained ( sic ) all the possible cases of transplant and corruptness that can be devised. The anti-corruption bureaus have been given ample powers to place and penalize wrongdoers. † However. corruptness continues to assail the State with unmitigated fierceness and its cost to the Government is astronomical. The World Bank ( 2000 ) and the Ombudsman ( 1997 ) said that the Filipino Government was losing $ 2 billion a twelvemonth or a humongous $ 48 billion in the last 20 old ages due to corruptness. Batalla ( 2000 ) computed the losingss to corruptness from the period 1995-2000 and found that the mean national loss due to corruptness is 3. 8 per centum of the GNP. amounting to 74 billion pesos in 1995 to a ballooning 130 billion pesos in 2000. or a entire for the six ( 6 ) twelvemonth period of P609 billion. 20 to 30 per centum of the Philippines’ national budget is lost to transplant and corruptness each twelvemonth ( Batalla. 2000 ; Asiaweek. 2002 ) . The Filipino Daily Inquirer reported on July 10. 1999 that the Government lost P1. 4 trillion and continued to lose P100 million daily since the Office of the Ombudsman began look intoing corruptness in 1988. 45 per centum of the Countryside Development Fund is pocketed by members of the Congress. Kickbacks from public work undertak ings make up. on norm. 30 per centum of undertaking cost ( Enriquez. 1998 ) . In the purchase of medical specialties. books. magazines and other instructional stuffs. the kickbacks are distributed at 40 per centum to supplier. 5 per centum to congressional adjutant. 10 per centum to the caput of the implementing bureau. and 45 per centum to legislators. In public plants undertakings. the kickbacks that go to project execution are 64 per centum: 16 per centum to the legislator ; 10 per centum to the provincial. metropolis or municipal applied scientist ; 7 per centum to the city manager ; and 3 per centum to the Barangay Captain ( Parreno. 1998 ) . At least 12 to 20 per centum of the financess allotted for constructing artesian Wellss. Bridgess and roads are given to congresswomans. Committees on public plants ran up to an norm of 30 per centum of the undertaking cost ( Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism. 2001 ) . Even the Medicare. instruction and rice importing are non spared. The National Health Insurance Program continues to lose every bit much as P300 million a twelvemonth to deceitful claims. including those affecting shade patients. which is 4 per centum of the P6. 8 billion payments for Medicare claims in 2000 ( Philippine Health Report 2001 ) . About 65 per centum of text edition financess are reserved as payoff money. The scope of graft tallies from 20 per centum to 65 per centum. Senators Loren Legarda and Francis Escudero said that. early this twelvemonth. the Government may hold lost P5. 7 billion to P13. 1 billion to kickbacks in the importing of 1. 5 million dozenss of rice from Vietnam. an sum which is more than plenty to pay for the P4. 5 billion budget for farm-to-market roads and P3. 3 billion allocated for the purchase of fertilisers in 2009. The Commission on Audit reported in 1998 that corruptness costs the Government about 2 billion pesos every twelvemonth. Corruption cuts authorities gross by 30 per centum ( Valenzuela. 2001 ) . Political corruptness is the usage of power by authorities functionaries for illicit private addition. Misuse of authorities power for other intents. such as repression of political oppositions and general constabulary ferociousness. is non considered political corruptness. Neither are illegal Acts of the Apostless by private individuals or corporations non s traight involved with the authorities. An illegal act by an officer constitutes political corruptness merely if the act is straight related to their official responsibilities. is done undercolor of jurisprudence or involves trading in influence. Forms of corruptness vary. but include graft. extortion. cronyism. nepotism. backing. transplant. and peculation. Corruptness may ease condemnable endeavor such as drug trafficking. money laundering. and human trafficking. though is non restricted to these activities. The activities that constitute illegal corruptness differ depending on the state or legal power. For case. some political support patterns that are legal in one topographic point may be illegal in another. In some instances. authorities functionaries have wide or unclear powers. which make it hard to separate between legal and illegal actions. Worldwide. graft entirely is estimated to affect over 1 trillion US dollars yearly. [ 1 ] A province of unrestrained political corruptness is known as a kleptocracy. literally intending â€Å"rule by thieves† . Some signifiers of corruption—-now called â€Å"institutional corruption† [ 2 ] —-are distinguished from graft and other sorts of obvious person al addition. Campaign parts are the premier illustration. Even when they are legal. and do non represent a quid pro quo. they have a inclination to bias the procedure in favour of particular involvements. and undermine public assurance in the political establishment. They corrupt the establishment without single members being corrupt themselves. A similar job of corruptness arises in any establishment that depends on fiscal support from people who have involvements that may conflict with the primary intent of the establishment. A payoff is a payment given personally to a authorities functionary in exchange of his usage of official powers. Bribery requires two participants: one to give the payoff. and one to take it. Either may originate the corrupt offering ; for illustration. a imposts functionary may demand payoffs to allow through allowed ( or disallowed ) goods. or a runner might offer payoffs to derive transition. In some states the civilization of corruptness extends to every facet of public life. doing it highly hard for persons to remain in concern without fall backing to corrupt. Bribes may be demanded in order for an functionary to make something he is already paid to make. They may besides be demanded in order to short-circuit Torahs a nd ordinances. In add-on to utilizing graft for private fiscal addition. they are besides used to deliberately and maliciously do injury to another ( i. e. no fiscal inducement ) . In some underdeveloped states. up to half of the population has paid payoffs during the past 12 months. [ 12 ] In recent old ages. attempts have been made by the international community to promote states to disassociate and imply as separate offenses. active and inactive graft. Active graft can be defined for case as the promising. offering or giving by any individual. straight or indirectly. of any undue advantage [ to any public functionary ] . for himself or herself or for anyone else. for him or her to move or forbear from moving in the exercising of his or her maps. ( article 2 of the Criminal Law Convention on Corruption ( ETS 173 ) [ 13 ] of the Council of Europe ) . Passive graft can be defined as the petition or reception [ by any public functionary ] . straight or indirectly. of any undue advantage. for himself or herself or for anyone else. or the credence of an offer or a promise of such an advantage. to move or forbear from moving in the exercising of his or her maps ( a rticle 3 of the Criminal Law Convention on Corruption ( ETS 173 ) ) . [ 13 ] The ground for this dissociation is to do the early stairss ( offering. promising. bespeaking an advantage ) of a corrupt trade already an offense and. therefore. to give a clear signal ( from a condemnable policy point of position ) that graft is non acceptable. Furthermore. such a dissociation makes the prosecution of graft offenses easier since it can be really hard to turn out that two parties ( the bribe-giver and the bribe-taker ) have officially agreed upon a corrupt trade. In add-on. there is frequently no such formal trade but merely a common apprehension. for case when it is common cognition in a municipality that to obtain a edifice license one has to pay a â€Å"fee† to the determination shaper to obtain a favorable determination. A on the job definition of corruptness is besides provided as follows in article 3 of the Civil Law Convention on Corruption ( ETS 174 ) : [ 14 ] For the intent of this Convention. â€Å"corruption† means bespeaking. offering. givi ng or accepting. straight or indirectly. a payoff or any other undue advantage or prospect thereof. which distorts the proper public presentation of any responsibility or behaviour required of the receiver of the payoff. the undue advantage or the prospect thereof. Most of us have an thought of what corruptness is. But we don’t needfully portion the same thought. That is why we need to inquire the inquiry about what corruptness is. For illustration. make you believe giving money to rush up the processing of an application is corruptness? Do you believe presenting contracts to those who gave big run parts is corruptness? Do you believe corrupting a physician to guarantee your female parent gets the medical specialty she needs is corruptness? Do you believe utilizing authorities building equipment to construct an add-on on one’s house is corruptness? Corruption is non merely the clearly â€Å"bad† instances of authorities functionaries planing off money for their ain benefit. It includes instances where the systems don’t work good. and ordinary people are left in a bind. necessitating to give a payoff for the medical specialty or the licences they need. All of the above are illustrations of public corruptness. They all involve the abuse of public office for private addition. In other words. they involve a authorities functionary benefiting at the disbursal of the taxpayer or at the disbursal of the mean individual who comes into contact with the authorities. By contrast. private corruptness is between persons in the private sector. such as the Mafia extorting money from a local concern. This class deals chiefly with public corruptness. Because of this. infant mortality rates are besides approximately three times higher and literacy rates are about 25 per centum points lower in high corruptness states than in states with low to medium degrees of corruptness. In add-on. corruptness is unjust and allows those with money or connexions to flex the jurisprudence or authorities Even if you don’t come into direct contact with corruptness. corruptness affects you. Corruptness reduces the overall wealth in a state since it can deter concerns from runing in such a corrupt scene. In states with high degrees of corruptness. for illustration. mean income is approximately three times lower than in less corrupt states ( the difference between. state. Ukraine and the Czech Republic. Indonesia and South Korea. Nicaragua and El Salvador. or Chad and Namibia ) . Corruptness besides reduces the sum of moneythe authorities has to pay good workers and purchase supplies. such as books and medical specialty. It distorts the manner the authorities uses its money. excessively. The consequence is that schools. wellness clinics. roads. sewer systems. constabulary forces. and many other services that authoritiess provide are worse than they would otherwise be . In add-on. corruptness is unjust and allows those with money or connexions to flex the jurisprudence or authorities regulations in their favour. They can pay off Judgess. for illustration. or divert scarce imbibing H2O to their land. For these grounds. corruptness harms the environment and undermines trust in authorities. Corruptness is non merely a western construct. In any society. there is a difference between what happens above board and what is under the tabular array. of what is accepted and what causes indignation. Although different societies have their ain impressions of corruptness. here are four inquiries to assist find what is right: †¢ Transparency: Do I mind if others know or the imperativeness studies on what I do? †¢ Accountability: Do I describe my actions to others? Do they keep me to criterions? †¢ Reciprocality: Would I experience hurt if others did the same thing? †¢ Generalization: Would it harm society if everybody did the same thing? Gift giving in many small town traditions. for illustration. is non considered corruptness as the dealing is crystalline and non secret ; the graduated table is modest. non life-changing ; the benefits are normally shared with the community. for illustration the council of seniors ; and the public rights are non violated. Bribery: An offer of money or favours to act upon a public functionary. Nepotism: Favoritism shown by public functionaries to relations or close friends. Fraud: Cheating the authorities through fraudulence. Embezzlement: Stealing money or other authorities belongings. Administrative Corruptness: Corruptness that alters the execution of policies. such as acquiring a licence even if you don’t measure up for it Political Corruptness: Corruptness that influences the preparation of Torahs. ordinances. and policies. such as revoking all licences. and deriving the exclusive right to run the beer or gas monopoly. Grand Corruptness: Corruptness affecting significant s ums of money and normally high-ranking functionaries. Junior-grade Corruptness: Corruptness affecting smaller amounts and typically more junior functionaries. Etymology The word corrupt ( Middle English. from Latin corruptus. past participial of corrumpere. to mistreat or destruct: com- . intensive pref. andrumpere. to interrupt ) when used as an adjectival literally means â€Å"utterly broken† . [ 1 ] The Republic of the Philippines suffers from widespread corruptness. [ 1 ] Means of corruptness include transplant. graft. peculation. backdoor trades. nepotism. backing. [ 2 ] Corruptness degrees Harmonizing to a World Bank survey in 2008. corruptness in the Philippines is considered to be the worst among East Asia’s taking economic systems and the state has sunk even lower among those seen to be dawdling in administration reforms. [ 3 ] The 2009 Corruption Perceptions Index published by planetary watchdog Transparency International. showed that the state of affairs in the state had improved somewhat but still remained serious. [ 4 ] The Philippines ranked 139th among 180 states included in the index. up from its old 141st ranking in 2008. The state scored 2. 4 in the TI index. compared to 2. 3 in 2008. which ranked it equal to Pakistan. Bangladesh and the Baltic province of Belarus. [ 5 ] Corruptness Improvements As of 2012. the Philippines came in at 105 with a 3. 4 CPI in Transparency International’s list that ranks 176 ( tied with Algeria. Armenia. Bolivia. Gambia. Kosovo. Mali. and Mexico ) . states and districts based on how corrupt their public sector is perceived to be. This is better than the Philippines’ 129th out of 178 ranking in 2011 with a 2. 6 CPI. in Transparency International’s list. The CPI mark indicates the sensed degree of public sector corruptness on a graduated table of 0 – 10. where 0 means that a state is perceived as extremely corrupt and 10 agencies that a state is perceived as really clean. Transparency International-Philippines said some of the factors that contributed to the Philippines’ ( 2. 6 ) rebuff leap are the betterment in authorities service. and cutting ruddy tape. The group believes that the government’s attempts to prosecute former President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo may positively impact the perceptual experience on corruptness as this shows the authorities means concern. Statistical ratings Political nepotismThe Filipino political sphere. unlike other democracies. is chiefly arranged and operated by households or confederations of households. instead than organised around the vote for political parties. [ 6 ] PHILIPPINES REMAINS AS ONE OF THE MOST CORRUPT COUNTRY – SURVEY By Leila B. Salaverria Filipino Daily InquirerMANILA. Philippines—The Philippines is still perceived as one of the most corrupt states in the universe. acquiring a mark of 34 on a graduated table of 1 to 100 with 100 being really clean. harmonizing to the latest Corruptness Perceptions Index of Transparency International. But the Philippines has at least outranked its neighbours Vietnam. Indonesia and Bangladesh. which all fared better than the state in the old CPI. said TI. a civil society organisation that promotes transparence and answerability. Indonesia scored 32. Vietnam 31 and Bangladesh 26. The top five states perceived to be really clean were Denmark. Finland. New Zealand. Sweden and Singapore. while the five viewed as really corrupt were Somalia. North Korea. Afghanistan. Sudan and Myanmar. TI-Philippines President Rosalinda Tirona said the 2012 CPI. which covered informations gathered between December 2010 and September 2012. showed that the Philippines has to take more action to better h ow things are done in the state. One of these actions is the â€Å"immediate† transition of the freedom of information measure ( FOI ) . Tirona said. â€Å"This means we still have to make a batch more. TI-Philippines is here to demo the Filipino people we can make many more things to contend corruptness. † Tirona said in a briefing Wednesday. â€Å"We must travel beyond this superior and think of what we can make. † she added. Ranking 105th in the latest Consumer price index. the Philippines belonged to two-thirds of the 176 states with tonss below 50. harmonizing to TI. But TI-Philippines said the consequences of the 2012 CPI could non be compared with the consequences of the old CPI because the latest index used a new methodological analysis that changed the marking system. In the old CPI. states were scored 1 to 10. but in the latest study. the tonss ranged from 1 to 100. This has an consequence on the ranking. TI-Philippines noted. The new methodological analysis besides used a new expression that would let for a more accurate comparing of the alterations in the countries’ tonss from twelvemonth to twelvemonth. but this would merely get down with the 2012 CP I. â€Å"Therefore. 2012 CPI can non be compared with all the old CPI including that of 2011. † TI-Philippines said. In 2011. the Philippines was No. 129 on the list. which ranked 178 states. In 2010. it was No. 134. TI-Philippines laminitis Dolores Espanol said there were certain actions of the Aquino disposal that helped alter public perceptual experience in the state. These were the impeachment test. the declaration of the statements of assets. liabilities and net worth. the crystalline procedure of replacing dismissed Chief Justice Renato Corona. the first twelvemonth of Ombudsman Conchita Carpio Morales. and the general openness of the disposal in its pursuit for a crystalline authorities. Espanol said. â€Å"However. there is still much to be done for it non to stay strictly in the alteration of perceptual experience but in social transmutation that is genuinely touchable. † she said in a statement. In forcing for the FOI transition. TI-Philippines said the step had been described in the Philippine Development Plan as the â€Å"cornerstone of transparent and accountable administration. † The FOI has faced holds in Congress. nevertheless. In the House of Representatives. it has yet to be subjected to plenary arguments because it still has to travel through another unit of ammunition of blessing at the commission degree. But the House has merely six staying session yearss this twelvemonth. TI-Philippines said other actions that could be done include the rapid declaration of corruptness instances. particularly those affecting the large fish ; the passage of a whistle-blower protection jurisprudence and a jurisprudence on run finance reform to modulate run parts ; and the acceptance of a comprehensive anti-corruption plan. TI president Huguette Labelle said in a statement that based on the 2012 CPI. corruptness still continues to harry many societies. â€Å"Governments need to incorporate anti-corruption actions into all public decision-making. Precedences include better regulations on lobbying and political funding. doing public disbursement and undertaking more crystalline. and doing public organic structures more accountable to people. † Labelle said. TI Managing Director Cobus de Swardt said in the same statement that the prima economic systems must take by illustration and that they should see to it that their establishments are to the full crystalline and their leaders held accountable. De Swardt said. Graft and corruptness in the Philippines has long been a subject of concern for those interested in bettering the conditions in the country. The corruptness of authorities functionaries and the failure of governmental leaders to utilize their place of power sagely has led to ongoing fiscal adversity throughout the state and restricted its economic growing and cultural development. Since its origin. the Philippines has been known as an country enduring from such terrible corruptness. with conditions run so afoul. t hat experts began depicting it as a â€Å"kleptocracy. † A kleptocracy is a authorities that suffers from kleptomania. or from which systematically and continuously robs its citizens because of corruptness in its upper ranks. The beginning of transplant and corruptness stems from colonial times. when colonial authoritiess were organized for the intents of plunder- an organisational strategy which persists today. Today it is common for governmental functionaries to defalcate revenue enhancement dollars in order to roll up personal wealth. In an independent rating of the states transplant and corruptness patterns by Transparency International ‘s Perception involvement. the Philippines were rated 2. 6 on a corruptness graduated table of one to ten. where one was most corrupt and 10 was least corrupt. Many militants in the Philippines impulse fellow citizens to contend corruptness and discontinue simple acquiescence with corrupt functionaries. stating that the people who are enduring have the duty to alter the manner things are done from a grass-roots degree. Attempts to look into transplant and corruptness have been underway for decennaries. yet the state of affairs has non achieved a functional province. Countless Torahs specifying loot. set uping penalties for corrupt functionaries. making independent third-party answerability bureaus. in add-on to increased international attending in recent old ages. have all contributed to some amendments of behavior and reformation of behaviour. nevertheless the state still loses one million millions of dollars of revenue enhancement gross each twelvemonth to minutess associating to graft and corruptness. The Philippines has a history of corruptness. and virtually all authoritiess throughout the country’s history have struggled with the job. Corruptness in the Philippines is characterised by a combination of social factors. institutional factors and an inducements system that contributes to corruptness. Many companies identify corruptness as the most debatable factor for making concern in the state. and corruptness is frequently encountered when interacting with public functionaries. Companies should besides be cognizant that illegal contributions to political parties and graft in order to act upon policy-making are common types of private sector corruptness. Positive developments in relation to corruptness and investing: * The authorities has shown committedness to e-governance in an effort to increase transparence and to stomp out much of the corruptness caused by face-to-face interactions with public functionaries. * In March 2011. President Aquino approved the Philippine Development Plan for 2011-2016. The overarching subject of the Plan is good administration and anti-corruption while accomplishing inclusive growing. which would make significant employment chances every bit good as cut down poorness. * In May 2011. the House of Representatives commission on justness passed the proposed Whistleblowers’ Act. which seeks to protect whistle blowers from all signifiers of relatiative actions. * In January 2012. President Aquino approved the Good Governance and Anti-Corruption Cluster ( GGAC ) program for 2012-2016. which includes steps taking to advance transparence and answerability in authorities operations. * CoST Philippines wa s established in September 2008 in coaction with the Construction Sector Transparency Initiative ( CoST ) . which aims at heightening transparence and answerability in the building sector. concentrating specifically on public revelation of information. After three-years as a pilot state. CoST Philippines was officially launched to the populace in 2010. Hazards of corruptness: * Corruption is said to take topographic point at all degrees of the authorities. but it is more rampant among high-ranking civil retainers. * It is reportedly common for civil retainers to try to supplement their comparatively low wages by pull outing payoffs. facilitated by the country’s composite. sometimes contradictory regulative government. * Companies by and large have small assurance in the Philippine judicial system. The chief grounds are: the allegedly unqualified tribunal forces. corruptness and long holds of tribunal instances Decision The Philippines has unleashed many arms against irresponsible behaviour in the authorities. It has a comprehensive set of Torahs that may hold ascertained all the possible cases of transplant and corruptness that can be devised. The anticorruption bureaus have been given ample powers to place and penalize wrongdoers. They recognize the load of power. with particular bureaus to give precedence to catching the â€Å"big fish† and grave offenses. over the Acts of the Apostless of lower ranking forces. They started on their ain to organize with each other for greater over-all effectivity. They approach corruptness in both a preventative and punitory manner. They recognize that the undertaking is non merely with the authorities. and have enlisted civil society in the battle. For their portion. citizens have besides volunteered. in cooperation with province bureaus or by themselves. in contending corruptness. On the whole. the Filipino attack has used democratic agencies. trusting o n due procedure. transparent processs. and will in set uping many of its aspirations. Yet corruptness continues. What else needs to be done? A. Re-examination of Existing Laws The Philippines does non necessitate any more Torahs against corruptness. If anything. what it needs is a re-examination of anticorruption Torahs non merely to take duplicate. but besides to guarantee that those bing are accepted by the public and enforceable by the anti-corruption bureaus. We can merely mention a few countries for farther survey. There are at present some commissariats that. in their stringency. may promote their breach: ( I ) The Anti-gift Decree has neer been implemented. but it can conceivably be used against a completely guiltless. generous individual. who ( being a devout Christian ) can non assist but give gifts on Christmas twenty-four hours. an act sanctioned by PD 46 and ignored by about everybody immersed in Filipino civilization. ( two ) The statement of assets and liabilities. a simple but potentially strong mechanism to happen unexplained wealth. is submitted annually by all public functionaries. but no one of all time surveies them. In any instance. an y well-paid comptroller can conceal unexplained wealth. and so the lone people potentially at hazard are civil retainers that can non afford to hold others write their statements. ( three ) Other commissariats may work against acquiring good people in authorities. for illustration. by the demand for divestment. This attack to possible struggles of involvement will be met by well-qualified people come ining into the highest ranges of the province setup. The current divestment process may be excessively rough. since it could efficaciously intend that no top industrialist for case can be Secretary of Trade and Industry. and no top banker may be Central Bank Governor. That would be denying the authorities valuable human resources. A possible option is to set more trust in transparence and the imperativeness ( which requires an amendment of bing jurisprudence ) . When a president chooses a individual who shows reluctance because of the divestment demand. freedom must be made for that individual. provided that he or she discloses in item and publically all personal involvements that have public deductions. This could intend that the people could maintain path of the development of the relevant concerns and industries. while a valued member is in publicoffice. Conversely. the job of struggle of involvement must be tackled caput on by taking individuals whose personal involvement prospered while they were in office. This is richly provided for in RA 3019 and RA 6713. even without the divestment demand. ( four ) The agenda of punishments may besides be looked into. In some instances the punishment may be excessively low. e. g. the maximal imprisonment for corruptness under RA 3019 is 15 old ages. In others. it may be excessively high. e. g. the exclusive punishment for sedate misconduct on first offense is dismissal from the service. Extreme punishments do non promote prosecution of offenses. even when they are blazing. because of the cultural trait of â€Å"sayang† ( waste of clip ) for those who will deserve merely low punishments and â€Å"awa† ( commiseration ) for those who will be hit by rough penalty. B. EnforcementThe Philippines has an impressive figure of Torahs to undertake practically all instances necessitating fast actions. However. enforcement of these Torahs leaves much to be desired. The keeping of functionaries whom the President’s anti-graft bureau itself recommended to be removed suggests a deficiency of political will. and the precedence of partiality over the public involvement. This would hold provided an juncture for jointing the Administration’s ethical vision. catching a large fish. and warning everyone that the leading means concern. The people expect non merely equal enforcement of the jurisprudence. but even more stringency on individuals perceived to be in the President’s interior circle. Decisiveness would besides be perceived if the populace is informed of a clear connexion between the official’s misbehavior and his/her remotion. Part of the popular dissatisfaction with the behavior of answerability is the deficiency of closing of instances. The figure of probes that were non finished. or have â€Å"softer† findings and decisions when no longer tuging under the public oculus. does non increase public assurance in the anti-corruption plans. C. Leadership in the Anticorruption Drive Leadership of the organisations chiefly focused on contending corruptness requires higher makings than what is usually demanded. This applies peculiarly to the Ombudsman and to the caputs of other bureaus specifically created for this intent. The really construct of an Ombudsman requires a individual of high unity whose really presence provokes regard and uprightness. The Philippines has non been blessed with the assignment of such individuals to this office. Alternatively. they have been controversial. such that they raised inquiries about the Office. itself non merely about its caput. The President who appoints the Ombudsman should be cognizant of the high outlooks of the people to convey to the Ombudsman’s office individuals known for their ethical function mold. non-partisanship. and good opinion. D. More Resources for Enhancing AccountabilityResources for heightening answerability and assailing corruptness must be provided. This is an investing that will pay off in the long tally. Guardians must be supported in their plans and given inducements non to roll from answerability. The financess. forces. engineering. and other resources of the Ombudsman and the Sandiganbayan must let them to maintain in measure with the corrupt they are seeking to catch. The personal income of such functionaries should be competitory with the private sector. capable to the painstaking public presentation of their responsibilities. Their organisations should be provided with the necessary equipment hi-tech devices like concealed cameras. etc and mundane affairs such as paper cartridge holders. envelopes. registering cabinets as is needed in their work. Incumbents should be imbued with a sense of mission early. via a well-planned orientation plan. and maintain them traveling with equal group and leading support. and a hotline for reding on the jobs they meet. Civil retainers who perform exceptionally good should be recognized. The Civil Service Commission plan to this consequence is a measure in the right way. but it honors excessively few people. The addition of wages across the board through the Salary Standardization Law is a manner to maintain up with rising prices. but it has had the baneful consequence of eating up any resources that may be given competitively. Merit additions and publicity can signal that an bureau recognizes that one functionary is making better work than the others are. Moral Reform Having function theoretical accounts. a codification of moralss and value formation exercises speak of a desire for moral reform within the authorities. While civilizations can non be changed nightlong. support for value alterations must be developed through a system of wagess and penalties that becomes regularized in standard operating processs. Besides. the meting out of positive and negative shots must be fleet but just. and even-handed. Value development seminars should be case-oriented. thought arousing. and able to promote advanced behaviour. while raising dismay about continued misdemeanors. J. Role of the Peoples There is a demand for popular engagement in moralss and answerability. Paying the proper revenue enhancements. obeying ordinances. being good informed about authorities services – these are merely the first stairss in traveling to a disciplined but democratic society. In add-on. support for politicians who promote causes instead than merely their appeal and personality would besides do the line of answerability clearer. The development of parties with consistent Plat signifiers should so be a focal point of people’s engagement. to bind up with the reforms suggested supra. These are all in add-on to the encouragement of NGOs that are non-partisan in exposing corruptness and conveying lawbreakers to justness. The start of many of these steps has already been made. They are in melody with democratic rules. every bit good as the civilization. One hopes that many more fiscal. homo and moral resources will be placed at the service of answerability in the state. Indeed to sum it all up we need to be watchful and be responsible and disciplined plenty to move against corruptness and to suppress others to make it freely without anterior penalty and farther more without much bustle. we should hold rigorous judicial proceedings in order to take corruptness in our administration. environment and the whole broad universe as possible as we can be. Bibliography World Wide Web. nut. wikipedia. comWorld Wide Web. Google. comWorld Wide Web. poftp. comFilipino Daily Inquirer article by Leila B. SalaverriaGovernment and You Book by Thomas AquinasThe Philippine Herald article by Perfecto CalintayagCorruptness at Its Finest book by: Welmand Dela RivaFilipino Corruptness At Large book by Fernandino Dela Cruz